Belize Agriculture: Then & Now

Today’s Agriculture in Belize

Agriculture continues to be one of the main pillars of Belize’s economy, alongside tourism and services. It plays a vital role in food security, provides employment—especially in rural areas—and significantly contributes to national exports.

Key Crops Today:

• Sugarcane – A major export crop, primarily grown in the northern districts of Corozal and Orange Walk.
• Bananas – Produced mainly in the southern district of Stann Creek; one of the country’s top export products.
• Citrus (oranges and grapefruits) – Grown in Stann Creek and Cayo, processed into juices and concentrates.
• Corn and beans – Staple crops essential to the local diet, widely cultivated across the country.
• Rice – Cultivated in Toledo and Orange Walk, important for local consumption.
• Cacao – Gaining prominence in Toledo, particularly for fine chocolate production.
• Fruits and vegetables – Grown in various districts, especially Cayo and Belize, to supply local markets and the tourism industry.
• Livestock and aquaculture – Poultry, cattle, and shrimp farming support both domestic and export markets.

Modern Trends:

• Increased interest in organic farming, agro-processing, and value-added products such as dried fruits and cacao.
• Mennonite communities are major contributors, operating commercial-scale, mechanized farms.
• Growing awareness and investment in climate-resilient agricultural practices.

A Brief History of Agriculture in Belize

Maya Civilization (Before Colonization)

The ancient Maya were Belize’s first farmers. They practiced slash-and-burn (milpa) agriculture and cultivated maize (corn), beans, squash, cacao, and cassava. Advanced farming techniques included terracing and raised fields for managing water and soil.

Colonial Period (1600s–1800s)

Under British colonial rule, the economy focused on logging, especially mahogany, rather than agriculture. Enslaved Africans were brought primarily for timber work. Small-scale farming was practiced for subsistence by freed slaves, Maya, and mestizo populations.

Post-Emancipation to Early 20th Century

Following the end of slavery, more communities turned to agriculture for survival. In the late 1800s, Mestizo migration from Mexico introduced new crops and farming methods, especially in the northern districts. The government began encouraging cash crop development, particularly in sugar, citrus, and bananas.

Agricultural Development (1950s–Present)

The arrival of Mennonites in the 1950s marked a shift toward modern farming practices. They introduced machinery, irrigation, and large-scale production. Agricultural cooperatives, schools, and government programs further supported the industry. Today, Belize’s agriculture blends traditional methods with modern techniques and entrepreneurship.

Looking Ahead

Belize’s agricultural future lies in sustainable, diversified, and climate-smart farming. There is growing interest in organic products, farm-to-table practices, and agro-tourism. With its rich land and cultural heritage, Belize is well-positioned to continue growing its agricultural sector while preserving its environment and food traditions. With new crops on the rise, embracing the new trends of Soursop, coconut oil, variety of pepper sauces the possibilities are endless and Belize has the fertile land to grow pretty much anything.